5.2.1.3 For rapid identification at night, it is recommended that the capacity colors be of a reflective-type paint. Red barrels are recommended for any private fire hydrant that is on public property. NFPA 291 addresses this using nearly identical verbiage in two sections (and the reflective paint recommendation also applies):
Red coloring is used on fire hydrants that have a flow capacity of less than 500 gallons per minute (GPM). Orange is for fire hydrants with flow capacities between 500 to 999 GPM. Green indicates …
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It is legal for the Fire Department to paint them , and they often do, color-coding them in a way to (usually) indicate how much water pressure is available. But it is not legal for the public at-large to paint them. It isn’t against the law to paint the fire hydrant in your yard. However, you must keep it the same exact color and use the correct type of paint.
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Reference:
https://www.usfa.fema.gov/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_extinguisher